پژوهشنامه صنعت و معدن

پژوهشنامه صنعت و معدن

تحلیل تاریخی به‌کارگیری پارادایم نوآوری باز در صنعت فولاد ایران: تحلیلی مبتنی بر مفهوم یادگیری فناورانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده
عضو هیئت علمی مؤسسه مطالعات و پژوهش های بازرگانی، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
بر اساس مفهوم خط سیر فناوری در کشورهای در حال توسعه، فرآیند نوآوری در این کشورها با بهبود توانمندی نوآوری بنگاه‌هایی آغاز می‌شود که با شرکت‌های خارجی بزرگ و چندملیتی تعامل دارند و دانش و فناوری را از شرکت های پیشرو جذب می‌کنند. پویایی این فرآیند می‌تواند کشورهای نوظهور را، از طریق رویکردهای نوآوری باز، خود به منبع فناوری و نوآوری بدل کند. با این حال، فرآیندها و سازوکارهایی که بنگاه‌های کانونی در نوآوری باز به کار می‌گیرند و به ارتقای توانمندی فناورانه می‌انجامد، هنوز به‌طور کامل شناسایی و مستند نشده است. هدف این پژوهش، شناسایی و تحلیل تاریخی الگوهای نوآوری باز در صنعت فولاد ایران از منظر یادگیری فناورانه است. برای این منظور، از روش مطالعه موردی و رویکرد تحلیل محتوای کیفی بهره گرفته شد و داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته با ۱۹ خبره از چهار گروه ذی‌نفع (سیاست‌گذاران، تولیدکنندگان فولاد، شرکت‌های مهندسی و مؤسسات تحقیقاتی دانشگاهی) تا دستیابی به اشباع نظری گردآوری گردید. یافته‌ها سه الگوی اصلی را آشکار ساخت: «سازمان یاددهنده به‌عنوان تلفیق جریان ورودی و خروجی دانش»، «ایجاد شرکت‌های مهندسی به‌عنوان شرکت‌های زایشی»، و «ایجاد و ارتقای زیست‌بوم نوآوری برای توسعه فناوری‌های مرز دانش». تحلیل تاریخی نشان داد که این الگوها هر یک نقطه آغاز مشخصی دارند اما فاقد نقطه پایان‌اند و به‌صورت لایه‌هایی هم‌پوشان و مکمل تا امروز فعال مانده‌اند؛ ضمن آنکه با گذر زمان، بازیگران کلیدی و سازوکارهای غالب یادگیری در هر دوره دگرگون شده و صنعت را از نوآوری تدریجی به‌سوی نوآوری بنیادین سوق داده‌اند. این یافته‌ها برای سیاست‌گذاران و مدیران بنگاه‌های کانونی در طراحی سازوکارهای حمایتی و یادگیری متناسب با هر مرحله از بلوغ صنعت دلالت‌های کاربردی دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Historical Analysis of the Open Innovation Paradigm in Iran's Steel Industry: An Analysis Based on the Concept of Technological Learning

نویسنده English

Mohammadreza Attarpour
Faculty member of Institute for Trade Studies & Research, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Based on the concept of the technological trajectory in developing countries, the innovation process in these economies begins as latecomer firms interact with mature foreign companies and acquire knowledge and technology from the developed world. The dynamism of this process can, through open innovation approaches, turn latecomers themselves into sources of technology and innovation. However, the processes and mechanisms that focal firms employ in open innovation to raise their technological capability have not yet been fully identified and documented. This study aims to identify and historically analyze the open innovation patterns of Iran's steel industry from the perspective of technological learning. To this end, a case study method and a qualitative content analysis approach were adopted, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 19 experts from four stakeholder groups (policymakers, steel producers, engineering firms, and academic research institutes) until theoretical saturation was reached. The findings reveal three main patterns: “the instructive organization as an integration of inbound and outbound knowledge flows”, “the creation of engineering companies as spin-off firms”, and “the creation and development of an innovation ecosystem for knowledge-frontier technologies”. The historical analysis shows that each pattern has a definite starting point but no end point, persisting as overlapping layers that remain active to the present; moreover, over time the key actors and dominant learning mechanisms in each period shift, moving the industry from incremental innovation toward radical innovation. These findings offer practical implications for policymakers and focal-firm managers in designing support and learning mechanisms appropriate for each stage of the industry's maturity.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Technological learning / Open Innovation / Spin
Off Firms / Innovation Ecosystem / Steel Industry
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دوره 24، شماره 136 - شماره پیاپی 136
فروردین و اردیبهشت 1405
صفحه 71-90

  • تاریخ دریافت 05 اردیبهشت 1405
  • تاریخ بازنگری 27 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ پذیرش 01 تیر 1405